https://pgheupapers.pitt.edu/ojs/pgheupapers <em>Pittsburgh Papers on the European Union </em>is a free-standing scholarly papers series promoting investigation of the contemporary and historical dynamics of the European Union from all disciplines. Under the editorship of Professor Alberta Sbragia, Vice-Provost for Graduate Studies at the University of Pittsburgh, this e-journal is devoted to disseminating current research on the European Union, including its domestic, regional, and global contexts, transnational relations among new and long-standing members, accession states, and candidate members of the EU. Contributing authors include scholars and practitioners working in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere and at all career levels. All published submissions have been subject to double blind anonymous review. Papers are published individually, allowing for somewhat longer manuscripts, and are available free of charge through the Open Access e-journal platform. 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University Library System, University of Pittsburgh en-US Pittsburgh Papers on the European Union 2164-6732 <br /><strong>Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: </strong><br /><br /><ol><ol><li>The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.<br /><br /></li><li>Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.<br /><br /></li><li>The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/" target="_blank">Creative Commons 3.0 License (Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works)</a>, or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:<br /><ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;</li><li>Noncommercial—other users (including Publisher) may not use this Work for commercial purposes;</li><li>No Derivative Works—other users (including Publisher) may not alter, transform, or build upon this Work, with the understanding that any of the above conditions can be waived with permission from the Author and that where the Work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license. <br /><br /></li></ol></li><li>The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.<br /><br /></li><li>Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a pre-publication <em>manuscript</em> (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see <a href="http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html" target="_blank">The Effect of Open Access</a>). Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.<br /><br /></li><li>Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.<br /><br /></li><li>The Author represents and warrants that:<br /><br /><ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha; padding-left: 40px;"><li>the Work is the Author’s original work;</li><li>the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;</li><li>the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;</li><li>the Work has not previously been published;</li><li>the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and</li><li>the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.</li></ol></li></ol></ol><br /><ol><li>The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.</li></ol> https://pgheupapers.pitt.edu/ojs/pgheupapers/article/view/30 <p>In response to the 1999 crisis caused by the mass resignation of the European Commission, the Commission introduced a series of administrative reforms based in large part on New Public Management models. A centerpiece of those reforms was a new staff appraisal process linking numeric ratings with promotions, which was designed explicitly to change the management culture of the Commission. Of all parts of the reform, this was by far the most controversial. This paper traces the long arc of reform, as the original reform was replaced with a second version that was even more rigid and complex, leading to a third reform, in 2012, which returned the Commission in large part to the status quo ante, abandoning numeric ratings and the formal link to promotions. I analyze the reasons for the reforms and the problems and unintended consequences of each. In conclusion, I link this saga of repeated reforms to the broader literature on the effectiveness of attempts to change organizational culture through formal structural reforms.</p> Carolyn Ban Copyright (c) 2017 Pittsburgh Papers on the European Union 2017-11-09 2017-11-09 4 1 10.5195/ppeu.2017.30